Healthy Her | Period Pain: What’s “normal” and when to talk to your doctor

The most common discomfort experienced during menstruation is menstrual pain, also known as dysmenorrhea. Defined as painful menstrual cramps originating from the uterus, it is the most common gynecological disorder among women of reproductive age. Let’s dive into period pain and how it can be treated.

Primary Dysmenorrhea

There are two types of dysmenorrhea: Primary and Secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by an increased release of prostaglandins from the lining of the uterus, causing the muscles and blood vessels of the uterus to contract. The level of prostaglandins is usually high on the first day of a period, but decreases throughout the week, which is why pain lessens after the first few days. Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by a disorder in the reproductive organs, such as endometriosis, fibroids, or adenomyosis. This pain often lasts longer than normal menstrual cramps. It can begin a few days before a period starts or continue after a period ends.

If you are experiencing period pain, it is important to consider what type of pain it is (primary or secondary) and what methods are working for pain management. More than half of women experience painful menstrual cramping. But there is a difference between uncomfortable cramps, which are normal, and downright painful, debilitating cramps, which may signal that something more serious is occurring. If the pain you are experiencing is caused by primary dysmenorrhea, try these pain management strategies:

• Take NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), like ibuprofen or naproxen, to reduce prostaglandins and lessen their side effects. It is recommended to take these for 1-2 days at the beginning of a period.
• Start a hormonal birth control method, such as the pill, the patch, the vaginal ring, or the progesterone IUD.
• Exercise often. Walking, jogging, biking, and swimming can help produce chemicals to block the pain.
• Apply heat. Try applying a heating pad or hot water bottle to your abdomen or take a hot bath.
• Add anti-inflammatory foods to your diet like fruits and vegetables, healthy fats, lean proteins, whole grains, and probiotics.
• Avoid certain foods, such as caffeine, alcohol, salty, or high-fat foods. Focus on eating green leafy vegetables, nuts, or fish to obtain adequate nutrients and vitamins.
• Obtain good sleep prior to the start of a period.

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

If the above pain management strategies are not effective, then you may be experiencing secondary dysmenorrhea. In cases of unmanaged period pain or period symptoms that interfere with your day-to-day life, it is best to consult your obstetrician for a treatment plan. At your appointment, be prepared to talk about

• Your cycle dates and typical period duration
• Your flow throughout your cycle
• Your pain level
• What you have tried to treat the pain
• Other symptoms you experience like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.

Treatment recommendations vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional. Your obstetrician will use the information you provide, along with diagnostic screenings, to determine the best treatment plan for you. Regular follow-up appointments are crucial for monitoring treatment effectiveness and addressing any complications. Additionally, if planning to become pregnant, inform your healthcare provider about any medications or treatments being used.

Are you looking for an obstetric provider? Infirmary Health provides comprehensive Women's Health services that focus on all stages of a woman's life. To learn more about Infirmary Health’s Women’s Health services follow this link: https://www.infirmaryhealth.org/services/womens-health/